The musculoskeletal system is the backbone of your body’s structure and mobility. It comprises bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues, all working together to support movement and protect vital organs. Understanding the complexities of this system is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing disorders or strain that can interfere with daily life. As a leader in health care solutions, Cigna Healthcare provides the information and support needed to help manage and treat musculoskeletal issues.

 

What is the musculoskeletal system? 

The musculoskeletal system is a complex network composed of bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints, all working together to support movement, stability, and body structure. Each component plays a unique role—bones provide the framework, muscles generate movement, tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments link bones to each other, and joints enable flexibility. When any of these parts are compromised, whether due to injury, strain, or chronic conditions like arthritis, it can lead to musculoskeletal pain, often impacting mobility and overall quality of life.

 

Understanding musculoskeletal pain 

Musculoskeletal pain can affect anyone, from active individuals who engage in physical activities to athletes who perform repetitive movements. Certain groups, such as older adults, those with physically demanding jobs, and individuals with pre-existing conditions like obesity or arthritis, are at higher risk. Identifying the underlying cause of the pain is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment method and preventing further damage.

Common musculoskeletal disorders 

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that impact bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Some of the most common musculoskeletal disorders include:

1. Arthritis: This condition causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. The two most common forms are osteoarthritis, resulting from wear and tear, and rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition that attacks the joints.
2. Osteoporosis: A disorder that weakens bones, making them more prone to fractures. It is often called a “silent disease” because it typically progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs.
3. Tendonitis: Inflammation of the tendons, usually resulting from repetitive strain or overuse. Tendonitis is commonly seen in athletes or individuals who perform repetitive motions in their jobs.
4. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A condition that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist is compressed, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand.

These disorders can cause long-term disability and pain if not properly managed. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to maintaining mobility and reducing pain.

 

Musculoskeletal strain: Causes and symptoms 

Musculoskeletal strain occurs when muscles, tendons, or ligaments are overstretched or torn due to physical stress or injury. This condition is often caused by repetitive movements, poor posture, or lifting heavy objects improperly. Strains can also result from engaging in physical activities without adequate preparation, such as warming up. Some common causes include:

• Overexertion during physical tasks like lifting or pulling
• Sudden awkward movements that push muscles beyond their limits
• Repetitive strain from activities like typing or sports
• Improper posture maintained for extended periods

The symptoms of musculoskeletal strain include pain, muscle weakness, stiffness, and swelling around the affected area. These symptoms can interfere with daily activities, limiting mobility and making tasks like walking or lifting difficult. Without proper treatment, the condition can worsen, resulting in chronic discomfort that diminishes quality of life.

 

Treatment options for musculoskeletal strain and disorders 

Treating musculoskeletal strain and related disorders typically involves a combination of approaches based on the severity of the condition. Physical therapy is often recommended to improve strength and flexibility, helping to restore function and prevent further injury. This might include targeted exercises or manual therapy to reduce pain and promote healing.

Medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are commonly used to manage pain and inflammation. For more severe cases, muscle relaxants or corticosteroid injections may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms.

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, particularly if there is significant tissue damage, such as torn ligaments or tendons that cannot heal through conservative treatments. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications and ensure a quick recovery, allowing patients to return to their normal activities as soon as possible.

 

Preventing musculoskeletal disorders 

Preventing musculoskeletal disorders involves making lifestyle changes to reduce strain on the body and protect your muscles, bones, and joints. Here are some practical tips for prevention:

• Exercise regularly: Strengthening your muscles through exercise can help support your joints and reduce the risk of injury.
• Maintain good posture: Proper posture when sitting, standing, or lifting can prevent strain on your muscles and spine.
• Use ergonomics: Adjust your workstation or daily activities to minimize repetitive strain. Ensure your desk, chair, and computer are set up to promote good posture.
• Stretch frequently: Stretching before and after physical activity can help prevent muscle strain and injury.

By taking preventive measures, you can reduce the likelihood of developing musculoskeletal disorders and maintain an active, pain-free life.

 

When to seek medical attention 

If you are experiencing persistent musculoskeletal pain or symptoms that interfere with daily activities, it’s important to seek medical attention. Consult a health care provider if you notice:

• Severe or sudden pain
• Swelling or bruising
• Inability to move or use the affected area
• Numbness or tingling

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to managing pain and preventing long-term complications.

 

Your health partner: Role of Cigna Healthcare in MSD management

The musculoskeletal system is critical to our ability to move, work, and enjoy life. Understanding the causes of musculoskeletal pain, disorders, and strain can empower individuals to take proactive steps in caring for their health. At Cigna Healthcare, we offer comprehensive support and resources to help manage musculoskeletal conditions and improve overall well-being. Whether you’re managing acute pain or a chronic condition, our health insurance plans offer the coverage and support you need to stay active and healthy.